The Republic of China's private Western medicine was educated " The sample of Tongji University "

The Republic of China's private Western medicine was educated " The sample of Tongji University "
The Republic of China's private Western medicine was educated " The sample of Tongji University "
Admire the strong society of the scene in turmoil, rule the stratum and often have no time to take education into account too much, has given and educated it with the relatively free development space instead, to a certain extent, use " let a hundred schools contend and let a hundred flowers blossom " To describe Western medicine during the Republic of China to educate not excessive definitely. About " let a hundred flowers blossom " ,We are only thus clear on the subject of running a school that domestic Western medicine educate during the period of the Republic of China. The mode of running a school at that time mainly had four kinds: Teach Western medicine to educate, the government manages the west by oneself to study and educate, foreign government and big financial group run the education of Western medicine, the domestic individual does the education of Western medicine. Run a school in the mode in a numerous one this, according to a a bit extreme one " public and private " Dichotomy law, except that the government runs a school for " common " Outside, the others should all be included in " privately " Run a school. The characteristic is that funds are sufficient that this kind runs a school, it is high in quality to run a school, influence is great, typical representatives coordinate the medical college and medical college of Tongji University of Shanghai in Bei Ping. Selected works this leave example on Tongji University, mainly because from a initial one by foreigner (German) Establish, because the school of medical professionals of Tongji University of the First World War is retracted the course managed by oneself by the people in Shanghai by 1917, roughly similar with the experiences of domestic other similar universities and colleges, have universal significance. Winding Tongji University runs a school on the way in our country, foreigners (not teach) In the medical universities and colleges run, German doctor of medicine Ari wishes the treasure is grand (ErichPaulun) German medical hall established in 1907 is most influential, most representative too, set up industry science in 1912, renamed the school of medical professionals of Tongji University. The origin of German medical hall can be traced back to a German hospital seeing the doctor for the Chinese established in Shanghai by 1899 - -Hospital of Tongji University. The First World War that broke out in 1914, because the international political situation changed, from the last ten days of March of 1917, the stage that Tongji University finished morality people's running a school, entered Chinese for new historical time done. On April 23, 1917, Ministry of Education at that time assigned instructions, renamed school of German, medical professionals of Tongji University, as the school of medical professionals of Tongji University. Place on file after being examined and approved, is named in the special school of the private medical professionals of Tongji University. On May 20, 1924, with the approval of Ministry of Education of national government of Nanjing, renamed as the university (of medical professionals of Tongji University, determine as the day of anniversary of the founding of a school on May 20) . In August of 1927, were taken over by Ministry of Education of national government of Nanjing, was named as state-run Tongji University, original medicine, subject of engineering two rename as the medical college, technical college separately. In August of 1937, the Japanese plane bombed the mouth of Wusong of Shanghai area in succession, the school building was destroyed seriously. Then the school moved from the west of Shanghai, went through the hardships, tossed about in bed and scaled and forded thousand li, reached Sichuan Province Yibin county and Nanxi county in October of 1940. In July of 1946, the medical college of Tongji University moved back to Shanghai. In February of 1950, the medical college of Shanghai Tongji University and subsidiary hospital of Tongji University moved to the interior in Wuhan, amalgamate with Wuhan University medical college, is named in the middle and southern medical college of Tongji University, and then rename as Wuhan medical college, renamed as the medical university of Tongji University in 1985. In May of 2000, according to the overall arrangement of the reform of national structure of education, according to the gist of a document of Ministry of Education, amalgamate with institute of technology of Central China, the management college of cadre of Ministry of Science and Technology,etc., set up into Central China University of Science and Technology. On June 16, 2000, the medical college of Tongji University of Central China University of Science and Technology was established and listed. After teaching oneself to move to the interior in Hubei in medicine of the school, fast growing, becomes medical education of Hubei, the main positions of medical treatment, scientific research, it is also the important strength of the modern medical education of our country. The ones that separated out took science and engineering as the core in Tongji University of Shanghai, still extended the style of running a school of Germany that year, and Tongji University of Shanghai is still the German site of research center of China now. Tongji University during the period of the Republic of China " The legacy " In Germany, requires medical science to grow and teach oneself voluntarily, this is a kind of new education thought formed gradually in the 19th century. The positive initiator of such new thought is the big fort (WilhelmVonHumboldt of German educationist, rookie a doctrine person, 1767~1835) . He has required the middle school to totally mould future university students according to such a mode, this kind of " independence and freedom " The embodiment person initially of the thought is Berlin university medical college. Independence and free thought of the big fort, from three respects, namely teaching is free, study freedom, research to bind with teaching, influence the development of Germany's medical education. Under the influence of big fort academic freedom thought, especially at the end of the 19th century, the government had nearly totally disappeared from the control on university of outside, but is done by medical college. Therefore the one that has formed on the development history of the modern medical education " Germany sends " Medical ' Also call " The Germany's Day group " ,Instead of a corresponding one is " Send in America and Europe " ). It is the medical university of Tongji University that Germany sends the typical representatives in China of medical science. The typical characteristic that Germany sends medical science is the teaching quality really up to the mark. Germen run a school in period, German medical hall has German and medical science two subject. The preparing department that German is medicine sets up, medicine is divided into preparatory course and straight department again. Originally German is 3 years a few years, its period of schooling, cure preparatory course for 2 years, straight department is 3 years, it was 8 altogether, doctor in order to offer free medical treatment of the train objective. From 1913, science of German practised service life and lengthened one year, changed into in 4 years. The medical hall was run in 1907, did not open pathology until 1913, opened bacteriology in 1914. Cytologic and the intersection of brain and line learnt and vascular ' Train of thought) Study, plysiochemical, the intersection of poisonous substance and the intersection of person who learn and important course, open yet by 1917, therefore the basic theory that students know is on the low side, make the school limited to the level of the special school, but the educational authorities of Germany influenced in order to expand, still acknowledged the medicine level of Tongji University was the same as intensity of domestic medical university of this country in 1915. At that time, consulted the relevant regulations of German university, the students of medicine of Tongji University must be practised for one year after graduating, and submit the scientific research thesis, qualified through examimation, could take doctor examination. Because the international political situation changed, from the last ten days of March of 1917, Tongji University finished the stage that the people of Germany run a school, connect the new historical time done after entering Chinese. The succession of the school establishes education system and teaching method of Germany adopted in period, still pay attention to teaching with practising clinically; Meanwhile, faced China's reality, improved the train objective, lengthened the periods of schooling of some disciplines, set up new course, launch the academic activity, thus has improved the quality of education and made Tongji University change from special school to the university. In August of 1922, further stipulated clearly in " provisional general regulation of Tongji University " the educational aim was: " professor's advanced academy, form medical professionals' specialized personnel " . From 1917 to this period of 1927, medicine of Tongji University There are 139 graduates in all in the department, because of the reality of combining with helping graduate's theories, manipulative ability is relatively strong, quite received by social different fields favourably. In August of 1927, under the energetical support that Cai Yuan banked up with earth, medicine of Tongji University was named as the state-run medical college of Tongji University formally the national government. Develop on the basis of medicine? Blow �� of bag cellar the intersection of sea and the intersection of �� and mediocre Gan of deer �� spoil poor decayed tooth �� Pu, lift up? Graduate every year. According to the regulation of Ministry of Education from 1935, increased and practised for one year, the length of schooling changed into that graduated in 6. The course offered with previous medicine, according to the course outline regulation in 1930, besides awarding party's justice and military training, it is attached great importance to medicine and practises to basic theory course in earlier stage, such lessons as the sum autopsy of systematic anatomy is practised take the specific gravity of class hour relatively largely. Private not " The fierce flower " The foreign government or financial group runs the medical universities and colleges on the Chinese land, since have a very clear purpose at the beginning - -Serve this country or interests of this financial group. In order to achieve one's own political/economical purpose, the foreign government or universities and colleges which the financial group runs will generally manage the school according to the national supreme standard for running a school, from teaching to manage the strict requirement, reflect the characteristic of each country. For example the Germany type educates and pays attention to the combination of thoery and practice, trains students to study ability freely emphatically, advocate the practical, rigorous, hardworking style of study that thinks. This some totally reflects on people of Tongji University too. Tongji University, with carrying out the transition from medical professionals' special school to the university, every system is set up and perfected in succession, every activity is centred on the aim of the instiution and launched, has formed the teaching characteristic of this school and rigorous and realistic style of study progressively. The foreign government or financial group stresses the style of study for one's own political/economical purpose, while stressing teaching quality, have improved students' medical level. Because students in the school are all Chinese students after all, thus promote the development of Western medicine educational undertaking of our country objectively, have stored a large amount of Western medicine reserve force for us. Only take Tongji University as examples, though go through the chaos caused by war, the overall graduate's quantity is increased progressively year by year (except specific year) . During the Republic of China, the school trains 887 medical graduates for our country in Tongji University alone. Only speaking from the form, the uniform mode of running a school though helps to unify planning management, but the one that must result in managing and developing is rigid, the development of decades proves this some. After 1978, " opened " again in the country (turning on totally different when for the first time latter stage of Qing Dynasty the people) ,We see joyfully various modes of running a school begin to appear again: Discussion of the long length of schooling mode; Appearance of the non-governmental medical education; The Chinese-foreign cooperation runs a school; Most medical universities and colleges begin to amalgamate under the comprehensive university again Believe this medical education based on strong foundation of the comprehensive national strength " Let a hundred flowers blossom " It is prospered and developed that the ones that will bring medical education are further, but will watch out for the blindness that some universities and colleges ignore one's own actual conditions " with the wind " too Phenomenon. And private Western medicine educational Tongji Universities of the Republic of China " The sample " Realistic reference meaning,definitely can't by this text limit.


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