The resources disappearing quietly

The resources disappearing quietly
The resources disappearing quietly
Staff reporter Liu YanLing "In nearly half a century, population's rapid growth, the rapid development of industry and natural and social factor brought from this, aggravation causing the global species to become extinct. Because of having higher economic worth, the danger that the medical plant faces becoming extinct is greater. Our country is in nearly 3000 kinds of plants of the endangered state at present, have accounting for 60%- 70% of medical value. " Yellow researcher Lu Qi, chief of institute of Chinese materia medica of academy of sciences of Chinese Chinese medicine, says at recent the fifth World Conference on traditional Chinese medicine held so. Wild traditional Chinese medicine resources unable to make ends meet it is introduced, there are 11146 kinds of medical plants now in our country, among them the wild kind accounts for 80%. The medical plant of our country accounts for more than 40% of 25000 kinds of medical plants of world, among them daily plant medicine is about 700 kinds. "In recent years, domestic and foreign demand in Chinese medicinal materials increase sharply, export among the 10 year increasing by eight times promptly. Foreign trade of Chinese herbal medicine develop into more thanth countries and regions already, kind reach one hundred of Forth Five-Year Plan Period, and the raw materials crude drugs export of low processing, low added value has taken the proportion greatly. " A document of institute of materia medica give birth to a professor and say in the traditional Chinese medicine resource and resources of institute of resource of Beijing Normal University. Chase favourable behavior, bury the hidden danger for the exhaustion of resources even while being taking sacrificing ecology as cost while being such. According to the investigation, in medical plant resources, multi-type resource amount of Chinese medicinal materials 100 such as licorice root, Rhizoma Seu Radix Notopterygii, climing chaste tree, wampee, Herba Cistanches, silver Radix Bupleuri, Radix Arnebiae of simple leaf generally drop, the ones that have already influenced more than 60 crude drugs varieties are medical to use medicine. Octagonal lotus, Cortex Eucommiae, upas, wild ginseng, dark section grass, cancel 30 multi-type crude drugs such as Catechu, concave leaf thick Piao,etc. to reduce because of wild resource quantities small, have already been in becoming extinct on the edge endangeredly. Took wild licorice root as examples, in the fifties of last century, the wild licorice root resource reserves of our countries were 2 million tons, and is less than 350,000 tons at present, coverage rate of a lot of local wild licorice root has already dropped to only in order to distribute sporadicly 90% of the the above. The intersection of academy of sciences and plum, Chinese medicine of China, defeat researcher, say though our country already to endangered medical protection work of plant obtain some achievement intelligently, these decades is turned more than 30 kinds of foreign medical plants wildly into a medical plant that a family plants and less than 60 kinds, introduce a fine variety, already there is tuber of elevated gastrodia in 46 kinds of daily rare endangered medical plants that the country announced a few years ago, Radix Astragali, bright dangshen, north SHASHEN(sic),etc. 13 plant the artificial cultivation technique with maturity, have lightened the pressure to wild resources to a certain extent. However, if does not protect wild resources effectively, distribute the reduction of area and area with the species, a large amount of loss of one kind of qualities resources is different to avoid, even probably have crude drugs cultivating history for a long time like that a little such as Chinese more angelica, it is difficult to find wild resources. And the research in recent years has already shown, the problem that the cultivated plant is genetic and narrow is outstanding day by day: Not only drug effect quality is relatively bad, but also it is cold-resistant to lack wild crude drugs characteristics such as the worm,etc. of fighting a drought, resisting diseases. If does not protect the wild species well, the endangered declining trend that can not turn back the medical plant fundamentally. 1/4 of the Tibetan medicine is endangered in recent years, Tibetan medicine that has been wrapping the mysterious veil all the time for a long time has already spread all over the country, and is used in clinic in a large amount. Tibetan medicine is with such characteristics as his high, biological activity of pure pollution-free, effective composition content is strong, have obtained people's approving extensively and favorable comment. However, move towards the industrialized great production from the originally closed small drug manufacturing room with Tibetan medicine, not only the one that has caused Tibetan medicine resources is in short supply, also jeopardize the fragile ecological environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, have accelerated the soil erosion and desertification of land. According to the sweet-smelling introduction of thunder chrysanthemum of group's Chairman of Tibetan medicine of normal and special strategies, before 1996, the production of Tibetan medicine was finished by few preparation centres such as Tibet, Qinghai; The preparation centre transformed into Tibeten Pharmaceutical Factory wholly after 1996; By 2003, already there are manufacturing enterprises of 25 of Tibetan medicine in the whole country, 18 pharmaceutical factories produce traditional Chinese medicine and also produce Tibetan medicine. At present, there is Tibetan medicine assortment of the national standard that has already been up to 332. From 1996 to the present, the output value of Tibetan medicine has increased more than 30 times, demand for the raw materials has increased more than 50 times. However, behind this powerful growth momentum, limited Tibetan medicine resources are disappearing at the surprising speed, present Tibetan medicine rare to become, hinder the intersection of Tibetan medicine and the intersection of industry and bottleneck of sustainable development already in resource so as to appear. The intersection of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and high and cold oxygen deficiency, climate abominable, high elevation, region remote, etc, the growth of Tibetan medicine is extremely slow, it is fostered that it is extremely difficult to breed. At present, Tibet, Qinghai hide crude drugs annual production 1000 over, have plan adopt cutting down excessively arbitrarily and the robbing type is gathered and purchased mostly. Hide in the crude drugs while being daily in 400, have whom resource guarantee already less than 30% really, the ones that can be planted manually for the moment only have 20 multi-type such as rhubarb, Chinese ephedra. Recently, having announced 65 kinds of endangered Tibet crude drugs in Xizang(Tibet) Autonomous Region, 25 kinds such as wave arris melon, red red-spotted stonecrop, snow lotus flower, Cordyceps to list in the first class and endangered one, classify second having the rhizome of Chinese goldthread, the intersection of building and the intersection of fragrant, Chinese ephedra, red Rhizoma Corydalis,etc. and 22 kinds endangered as, 18 kinds such as angle fennel, small rhubarb, Tianmen winter, Radix Bupleuri to classify as the tertiary and endangered one. Provinces such as Qinghai, Gansu,etc. have announced forty or fifty kinds in succession too. At present, it already accounts for daily about 1/4 which have hidden crude drugs to hide crude drugs total endangeredly. It is a pair of contradictions existing in midium or long term in economic development of various countries that the country should implement macro adjustments and controls economic development and protection of resources. According to the former, resources should rely mainly on utilizing; According to the latter, resources should rely mainly on protecting. How to handle the relation with rational utilization of protection of resources of wild crude drugs well, have already become one of the focuses that the society has paid close attention to. Undoubtedly, developing traditional Chinese medicine undertaking and traditional Chinese medicine industry can't regard destroying the ecological environment as the cost. Today recommending scientific development view in a more cost-effective manner, should emphasize people's developing with the natural one in harmony and sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicine undertaking even more. Yellow the intersection of Lu and Qi propose, should insist wild the intersection of crude drugs and protect and principle of sustainable utilization, carry on thinning science, carry out and excavate and nourish combining together, principle specializing in nourishing according to producing region, resources are contained, sales volume,etc.; Makeover and " destroys the environment first, and then protect " Current situation,is it wild to regard protecting in the habitat as it is important in that crude drugs protection of resources last great attention content and strategy task; Support and accelerate artificial culture and substitute of the wild crude drugs resource to study; Support and accelerate the research of protection of resources of wild crude drugs. Professor Wang Yongyan, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering,etc. thinks, should strengthen research and scientific research of the rare endangered crude drugs resource, do a good job of national endangered crude drugs kind, quantity, materials of this bottom distributed to investigate, draw out the geographical distribution map; Make the quantized standard of the rare endangered intensity, confirm that protects grade and protective measure; Comment on the treating of rare endangered crude drugs objectively The result, offer the objective standard for the fact that the substitute is studied; Do wild crude drugs well and cause the research close to internal and external reasons, offer scientific basis for child care of species, artificial culture,etc.. The more important thing is, the country should set up resources and monitor the network, use the situation of wild crude drugs to implement macro adjustments and controls to traditional Chinese medicine enterprises; Establish the board of trustee of wild crude drugs resource, manage the production and management of rare endangered crude drugs strictly.


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